Best remedy of hypertension:High blood pressure. It can lead to severe complications and increases the risk of heart disease, stroke, and death.
Treatment
While blood pressure is best regulated through the diet before it reaches the stage of hypertension, there is a range of treatment options.
Lifestyle adjustments are the standard first-line treatment for hypertension.
Regular physical exercise
Doctors recommend that patients with hypertension engage in 30 minutes of moderate-intensity, dynamic, aerobic exercise. This can include walking, jogging, cycling, or swimming on 5 to 7 days of the week.
Stress reduction
Avoiding stress, or developing strategies for managing unavoidable stress, can help with blood pressure control.
Using alcohol, drugs, smoking, and unhealthy eating to cope with stress will add to hypertensive problems. These should be avoided.
Smoking can raise blood pressure. Giving up smoking reduces the risk of hypertension, heart conditions, and other health issues.
Medications
People with blood pressure higher than 130 over 80 may use medication to treat hypertension.
Drugs are usually started one at a time at a low dose. Side effects associated with anti-hypertensive drugs are usually minor.
Eventually, a combination of at least two anti-hypertensive drugs is usually required.
A range of drug types are available to help lower blood pressure, including:
*diuretics, including thiazides, chlorthalidone, and indapamide
*beta-blockers and alpha-blockers
*calcium-channel blockers
*central agonists
*peripheral adrenergic inhibitor
*vasodilators
*angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors
*angiotensin receptor blockers
The choice of drug depends on the individual and any other conditions they may have.
*beta-blockers and alpha-blockers
*calcium-channel blockers
*central agonists
*peripheral adrenergic inhibitor
*vasodilators
*angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors
*angiotensin receptor blockers
The choice of drug depends on the individual and any other conditions they may have.
Anyone taking antihypertensive medications should be sure to carefully read labels, especially before taking any over-the-counter (OTC) medications, such as decongestants.
These may interact with medications used to lower blood pressure.
Causes
The cause of hypertension is often not known.
Around 1 in every 20 cases of hypertension is the effect of an underlying condition or medication.
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a common cause of high blood pressure because the kidneys do not filter out fluid. This fluid excess leads to hypertension.
Risk factors
A number of risk factors increase the chances of having hypertension.
Age: Hypertension is more common in people aged over 60 years. With age, blood pressure can increase steadily as the arteries become stiffer and narrower due to plaque build-up.
Ethnicity: Some ethnic groups are more prone to hypertension.
Size and weight: Being overweight or obese is a key risk factor.
Alcohol and tobacco use: Consuming large amounts of alcohol regularly can increase a person's blood pressure, as can smoking tobacco.
Sex: The lifetime risk is the same for males and females, but men are more prone to hypertension at a younger age. The prevalence tends to be higher in older women.
Existing health conditions: Cardiovascular disease, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, and high cholesterol levels can lead to hypertension, especially as people get older.
Other contributing factors include:
Ethnicity: Some ethnic groups are more prone to hypertension.
Size and weight: Being overweight or obese is a key risk factor.
Alcohol and tobacco use: Consuming large amounts of alcohol regularly can increase a person's blood pressure, as can smoking tobacco.
Sex: The lifetime risk is the same for males and females, but men are more prone to hypertension at a younger age. The prevalence tends to be higher in older women.
Existing health conditions: Cardiovascular disease, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, and high cholesterol levels can lead to hypertension, especially as people get older.
Other contributing factors include:
*physical inactivity
*a salt-rich diet associated with processed and *fatty foods
*low potassium in the diet
*alcohol and tobacco use
*certain diseases and medications
A family history of high blood pressure and poorly managed stress can also contribute.
*a salt-rich diet associated with processed and *fatty foods
*low potassium in the diet
*alcohol and tobacco use
*certain diseases and medications
A family history of high blood pressure and poorly managed stress can also contribute.
Below is a 3-D model of hypertension, which is fully interactive.
Explore the model using your mouse pad or touchscreen to understand more about hypertension.
Diet
Some types of hypertension can be managed through lifestyle and dietary choices, such as engaging in physical activity, reducing alcohol and tobacco use, and avoiding a high-sodium diet.
Reducing the amount of salt
Average salt intake is between 9 grams (g) and 12 g per day in most countries around the world.
The WHO recommends reducing intake to under 5 g a day, to help decrease the risk of hypertension and related health problems.
This can benefit people both with and without hypertension, but those with high blood pressure will benefit the most.
Moderating alcohol consumption
Moderate to excessive alcohol consumption is linked to raised blood pressure and an increased risk of stroke.
The American Heart Association (AHA) recommend a maximum of two drinks a day for men, and one for women.
The following would count as one drink:
12 ounce (oz.) bottle of beer
4 oz. of wine
1.5 oz. of 80-proof spirits
1 oz. of 100-proof spirits
A healthcare provider can help people who find it difficult to cut back.
4 oz. of wine
1.5 oz. of 80-proof spirits
1 oz. of 100-proof spirits
A healthcare provider can help people who find it difficult to cut back.
Eating more fruit and vegetables and less fat
People who have or who are at risk of high blood pressure are advised to eat as little saturated and total fat as possible.
Recommended instead are:
whole-grain, high-fiber foods
a variety of fruit and vegetables
beans, pulses, and nuts
omega-3-rich fish twice a week
non-tropical vegetable oils, for example, olive oil
skinless poultry and fish
low-fat dairy products
It is important to avoid trans-fats, hydrogenated vegetable oils, and animal fats, and to eat portions of moderate size.
a variety of fruit and vegetables
beans, pulses, and nuts
omega-3-rich fish twice a week
non-tropical vegetable oils, for example, olive oil
skinless poultry and fish
low-fat dairy products
It is important to avoid trans-fats, hydrogenated vegetable oils, and animal fats, and to eat portions of moderate size.
Managing body weight
Hypertension is closely related to excess body weight, and weight reduction is normally followed by a fall in blood pressure. A healthy, balanced diet with a calorie intake that matches the individual's size, sex, and activity level will help.
The DASH diet
The U.S. National Heart Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI) recommends the DASH diet for people with high blood pressure. DASH, or "Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension," has been specially designed to help people lower their blood pressure.
It is a flexible and balanced eating plan based on research studies sponsored by the Institute, which says that the diet:
lowers high blood pressure improves levels of fats in the blood stream reduces the risk of developing cardiovascular disease.
There is a cookbook written by the NHLBI called Keep the Beat Recipes with cooking ideas to help achieve these results.
There is a cookbook written by the NHLBI called Keep the Beat Recipes with cooking ideas to help achieve these results.
Some evidence suggests that using probiotic supplements for 8 weeks or more may benefit people with hypertension.
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